Vehicle transmission has several functions:

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Changing the transmission ratio and expanding the range of the torque and speed of the driving wheel to adapt to the changing driving conditions, while enabling the engine to work under the conditions of high power and low fuel consumption.

When the engine rotation direction is unchanged, the car can go backwards.

By using neutral gear, the power transmission is interrupted so that the engine can start and change speed, and the transmission can shift gears or output power easily.

The transmission is composed of a transmission mechanism and a control mechanism. When needed, a power output can also be installed. There are two ways to classify: according to the change of transmission ratio and the difference of control mode.

principle

Manual gearbox is mainly composed of gears and shafts, which generates variable speed and torque through different gear combinations; while automatic gearbox AT is composed of hydraulic torque converter, planetary gear and hydraulic control system, which achieves variable speed and torque through hydraulic transmission and gear combination.

Working Principle of Manual Gearbox

Among them, the hydraulic torque converter is the most characteristic component of AT. It consists of pump wheel, turbine and guide wheel, which directly inputs the power of the engine to transfer torque and isolation. Pump wheels and turbines are a pair of working groups. They are like two relatively placed fans. The wind from one active fan will drive the blades of another passive fan to rotate. The flowing air-wind force becomes the medium of kinetic energy transmission.

If liquid is used instead of air as the medium of transferring kinetic energy, the pump wheel will rotate through the liquid to drive the turbine, and then a guide wheel is added between the pump wheel and the turbine to improve the efficiency of liquid transfer. Because of the insufficient range and low efficiency of the automatic variable speed torque converter.